Acronyms and Unit Abbreviations

Acronymns

ACRONYMS	Meaning
a-Si:H	hydrogenated amorphous silicon
AM	air mass
AMOLED	Active Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Displays
AO	All-Optical
AOS	All-Optical Switching
ASF	Anderson, Schultz, and Flory
BOS	balance of system
CB	conduction band
CHP	combined heat and power
COP	coefficient of performance
CPV	concentrated photovoltaic
dc	direct current
DFT	direct normal irradiation
DNI	Density functional theory
DOE	U.S. Department of Energy
ECL	Electrogenerated chemiluminescence
EFG	edge-defined film-fed growth
EIA	Energy Information Administration
EO	Electro-optic
EPV	electrochemical photovoltaic
ETL	Electron Injection/Transport Layer
HCPV	high-concentration photovoltaic
HHV	higher heating value
HRS	Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering
IPCC	Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IR	infrared
ITO	Indium Tin Oxide
IZO	Indium Zinc Oxide
LC	Liquid crystal
LE	Luminous Efficiency
LH1/LH2	light-harvesting pigment/protein complexes
MBE	molecular beam epitaxy
MEG	multiple exciton generation
MESP	minimum ethanol selling price
MOCVD	metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
NAE	National Academy of Engineering
NHE	normal hydrogen electrode
NIR	Near Infrared
NLO	Non-linear optics
NRC	National Research Council
OEC	oxygen-evolving complex
OFET	Organic field effect transistor
OLED	organic light emitting diode
OPV	organic photovoltaic (solar cell)
PCET	proton-coupled electron transfer
PC	Photonic crystal
PCM	phase change storage material
PEC	photoelectrochemical
PEM	proton exchange membrane
PMMA	Polymethylmethacrylate
PRD	priority research directions
PV	photovoltaic
R&D	research and development
RC	reaction center
SAML	Self-assembled monolayers
SLO	Spatial Light Modulation
TCO	transparent conducting oxide
TCNL	Thermochemical Nanolithography
TFT	Thin-Film Transistor
TM	Transverse Mode
TMS	theoretical modeling and simulation
TPV	thermophotovoltaic
UPS	Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy
U.S.	United States
UV	ultraviolet
WOLED	White organic light-emitting diode
XAFS	X-ray absorption fine-structure (spectroscopy)
XPS	X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
ZT	thermoelectric figure of merit

Units

°C	degree(s) Celsius
$/kW	dollar(s) per kilowatt
μm	micrometer(s)
μs	microsecond(s)
Å	angstrom(s)
amp	ampere(s)
as	attaseconds- one quintillionth of a second
Bbl	billion barrels
cm	centimeter(s)
cm/min	centimeter(s) per minute
eV	electron volt(s)
fs	femtosecond(s)
gal	gallon(s)
Gha	gigahectare(s)
GJ	gigajoule(s)
Gtons	gigatons (109 tons = 1 billion tons)
GW	gigawatt(s) (109 W = 1 billion watts)
kg	kilogram(s)
kWh	kilowatt hour(s)
kWth	kilowatt(s) (thermal)
K	Kelvin
L	liter(s)
MHz	megahertz
mm	millimeter(s)
MW	megawatt(s) (106 W = 1 million watts)
MWe	megawatt(s) (electric)
MWth	megawatt(s) (thermal)
MW/yr	megawatt(s) per year
nm	nanometer(s)
nm/s	nanometer(s) per second
ps	picosecond(s)
psi	pound(s) per square inch
s	second(s)
TW	terawatt(s) (1012 W = 1 trillion watts)
W	watt(s)
Wp	peak watt(s)
yr	year(s)