Attenuated Total Reflectance

Overview

Attenuated Total Reflection or ATR is a technique used together with Teng Mann to measure the R33 of electro-optic materials.

Significance

The electro-optic coefficient for a poled polymer film can be calculated as follows.

<math>r_33 = \frac {2} {n^3_{TM}} \frac {\sigma n_{TM}} {\sigma E^'}\,\!</math>

where

<math>n_{TE}\,\!</math> is the ordinary index of refraction

<math>n_{TM}\,\!</math> is the extraordinary index of refraction

<math>E\,\!</math> is the modulating electric field