Difference between revisions of "Acronyms and Unit Abbreviations"

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(New page: == Acronymns == ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS a-Si:H hydrogenated amorphous silicon AM air mass ASF Anderson, Schultz, and Flory BOS balance of system CB conduction band CHP combined heat an...)
 
 
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== Acronymns ==


== Acronymns ==
{| class="wikitable"
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
|-
a-Si:H hydrogenated amorphous silicon
!  ACRONYMS
AM air mass
!  Meaning
ASF Anderson, Schultz, and Flory
|-
BOS balance of system
|a-Si:H  
CB conduction band
|hydrogenated amorphous silicon
CHP combined heat and power
|-
COP coefficient of performance
|AM  
CPV concentrated photovoltaic
|air mass
dc direct current
|-
DNI direct normal irradiation
|AMOLED
DOE U.S. Department of Energy
|Active Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Displays
EFG edge-defined film-fed growth
|-
EIA Energy Information Administration
|AO
EPV electrochemical photovoltaic
|All-Optical
HCPV high-concentration photovoltaic
|-
HHV higher heating value
|AOS
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|All-Optical Switching
IR infrared
|-
ITO Indium Tin Oxide
|AOS
LH1/LH2 light-harvesting pigment/protein complexes
|All-Optical Signal Processing
MBE molecular beam epitaxy
|-
MEG multiple exciton generation
|ASF  
MESP minimum ethanol selling price
|Anderson, Schultz, and Flory
MOCVD metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
|-
NAE National Academy of Engineering
|BOS  
NHE normal hydrogen electrode
|balance of system
NRC National Research Council
|-
OEC oxygen-evolving complex
|CB  
OLED organic light emitting diode
|conduction band
OPV organic photovoltaic (solar cell)
|-
PCET proton-coupled electron transfer
|CHP  
PCM phase change storage material
|combined heat and power
PEC photoelectrochemical
|-
PEM proton exchange membrane
|COP  
PRD priority research directions
|coefficient of performance
PV photovoltaic
|-
R&D research and development
|CPV  
RC reaction center
|concentrated photovoltaic
TCO transparent conducting oxide
|-
TMS theoretical modeling and simulation
|dc  
TPV thermophotovoltaic
|direct current
U.S. United States
|-
UV ultraviolet
|DFT
XAFS X-ray absorption fine-structure (spectroscopy)
|Density functional theory
ZT thermoelectric figure of merit
|-
|DNI  
|direct normal irradiation
|-
|ECL
|Electrogenerated chemiluminescence
|-
|EFG  
|edge-defined film-fed growth
|-
|EIA  
|Energy Information Administration
|-
|EO
|Electro-optic
|-
|EPV  
|electrochemical photovoltaic
|-
|ETL
|Electron Injection/Transport Layer
|-
|HCPV  
|high-concentration photovoltaic
|-
|HHV  
|higher heating value
|-
|HRS
|Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering
|-
|IR  
|infrared
|-
|ITO  
|[[indium tin oxide]]
|-
|IZO
|Indium Zinc Oxide
|-
|LC
|Liquid crystal
|-
|LE
|Luminous Efficiency
|-
|LH1/LH2  
|light-harvesting pigment/protein complexes
|-
|MBE  
|molecular beam epitaxy
|-
|MEG  
|multiple exciton generation
|-
|MESP  
|minimum ethanol selling price
|-
|MOCVD  
|metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
|-
|MZI
|Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
|-
|NAE  
|National Academy of Engineering
|-
|Nd:Yag
|Neodymium doped Ytrium aluminum garnet- a type of laser
|-
|NHE  
|normal hydrogen electrode
|-
|NIR
|Near Infrared
|-
|NLO
|Non-linear optics
|-
|NRC  
|National Research Council
|-
|OEC  
|oxygen-evolving complex
|-
|OFET
|Organic field effect transistor
|-
|OLED  
|organic light emitting diode
|-
|OPV  
|organic photovoltaic (solar cell)
|-
|PCET  
|proton-coupled electron transfer
|-
|PC
|Photonic crystal
|-
|PCM  
|phase change storage material
|-
|PEC  
|photoelectrochemical
|-
|PEM  
|proton exchange membrane
|-
|PET
|Polyethylene terephthalate
|-
|PMMA
|Polymethylmethacrylate
|-
|PPV
|Polyphenylvinylene
|-
|PRD  
|priority research directions
|-
|PT
|polythiophene
|-
|PV  
|photovoltaic
|-
|R&D  
|research and development
|-
|RC  
|reaction center
|-
|SAML
|Self-assembled monolayers
|-
|SHG
|Second Harmonic Generation
|-
|SLO
|Spatial Light Modulation
|-
|TCO  
|transparent conducting oxide
|-
|TCNL
|Thermochemical Nanolithography
|-
|TFT
|Thin-Film Transistor
|-
|THG
|Third Harmonic Generation
|-
|TM
|Transverse Mode
|-
|TMS  
|theoretical modeling and simulation
|-
|TPA
|[[Two Photon Absorption]]
|-
|TPF
|Two Photon Fluoresence
|-
|TPV  
|thermophotovoltaic
|-
|UPS
|Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy
|-
|U.S.  
|United States
|-
|UV  
|ultraviolet
|-
|WOLED
|White organic light-emitting diode
|-
|XAFS  
|X-ray absorption fine-structure (spectroscopy)
|-
|XPS
|X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
|-
|ZT  
|thermoelectric figure of merit
|}
 
== Variables and Constants ==
 
 
=== Common ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Symbol
! Meaning
|-
|c   
|speed of light (c = 299,792,458 m/s  approx 3 x 10<sup>6</sup>m/s)
|-
|&nu;
|frequency
|-
|h
|planck's constant (h = 6.62606896x 10<sup>-34</sup> J s = 4.135667 x 10<sup>-15</sup>eV s)
|-
|&lambda;
|wavelength (visible spectrum is 400-700nm)
|}
 
=== Absorption and Emission ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Symbol
! Meaning
|-
|&epsilon;
|extinction coefficient of a molecule
|-
|&Phi;
|quantum yield
|-
|&Psi;
|wave function
|}
 
=== EO Properties ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Symbol
! Meaning
|-
|&mu;
|dipole moment (mu) measured in debyes
|-
|&alpha;
|linear polarizability (alpha)
|-
|&beta;
|first order hyperpolarizability (microscopic) (beta)
|-
|cos<sup>3</sup>&theta;
|order parameter
|-
|&delta;
|[[Two photo cross section]] measured in  Goppert-Mayer units (GM), with 1 GM=1×10<sup>-50</sup> cm<sup>4</sup> s molecules<sup>−1</sup> photon<sup>−1</sup> >100gm is high.)
|-
|<i>r</i>
|Pockels coefficient or Linear Electo-optic Cofficient [[Second-order_Processes#Kerr_and_Pockels_Effects | Pockels Effect]] r~ 10<sup>-12</sup> – 1<sup>—10</sup> m/V
|-
|<i>r</i><sub>33</sub>
|[[Electro-optic cofficient]]  (chi 33)(FM= 1000 pm/V)
|-
|&chi;<sup>2</sup>
|[[second-order nonlinear susceptiblity]] (first order hyperpolarizability) (macroscopic)
|-
|&chi;<sup>3</sup>
|[[third-order nonlinear susceptiblity]] (second order hyperpolarizability) (macroscopic) (alpha)(FM= 6-7 x 10<sup>-21</sup>(m/V)<sup>2</sup>)
|-
|&epsilon;
|dielectric constant or relative static permittivity
|-
|M
|Transition dipole moment (measured in debyes)
|-
|N
|Number Density parameter
|-
|&phi;<sub>fl</sub>
|[[Fluoresence Quantum Yield]] a ratio of photons absorbed over photons emitted
|-
|&sigma;
|[[conductivity]] (measured in S (Siemens)/cm
|-
|t
|the electronic coupling, transfer integral or resonance integral
|-
|v<sub>&pi;</sub>
|[[half-wave driving voltage]]
|}
 
=== Devices ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Symbol
! Meaning
|-
|&alpha;
|material loss in dB/cm
|-
|d
|electrode separation
|-
|&Gamma;
|optical electrical overlap
|-
|&lambda;
|reorganization energy
|-
|&mu;
|charge mobility in cm<sup>2</sup> / V s- a mobility >1 is considered good
|}


== Units ==
== Units ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Abbreviation
! Unit
|- 
|°C
|degree(s) Celsius
|- 
|$/kW
|dollar(s) per kilowatt
|- 
|μm
|micrometer(s)
|- 
|μs
|microsecond(s)
|- 
|Å
|angstrom(s) (10<sup>-10</sup>m)
|- 
|amp
|ampere(s)
|- 
|as
|attaseconds- one quintillionth of a second
|-
|Bbl
|billion barrels
|- 
|cm
|centimeter(s)
|- 
|cm/min
|centimeter(s) per minute
|- 
|eV
|electron volt(s)
|- 
|fs
|femptosecond(s)
|- 
|gal
|gallon(s)
|- 
|Gha
|gigahectare(s)
|- 
|GJ
|gigajoule(s)
|- 
|Gtons
|gigatons (109 tons = 1 billion tons)
|- 
|GW
|gigawatt(s) (109 W = 1 billion watts)
|- 
|kg
|kilogram(s)
|- 
|kWh
|kilowatt hour(s)
|- 
|kWth
|kilowatt(s) (thermal)
|- 
|K
|Kelvin
|- 
|L
|liter(s)
|- 
|MHz
|megahertz
|- 
|mm
|millimeter(s)
|- 
|MW
|megawatt(s) (106 W = 1 million watts)
|- 
|MWe
|megawatt(s) (electric)
|- 
|MWth
|megawatt(s) (thermal)
|- 
|MW/yr
|megawatt(s) per year
|- 
|nm
|nanometer(s)
|- 
|nm/s
|nanometer(s) per second
|- 
|ps
|picosecond(s)
|- 
|psi
|pound(s) per square inch
|- 
|s
|second(s)
|- 
|TW
|terawatt(s) (1012 W = 1 trillion watts)
|- 
|W
|watt(s)
|- 
|Wp
|peak watt(s)
|- 
|yr
|year(s)
|}


== Agencies, Programs and Institutions ==


°C degree(s) Celsius
{| class="wikitable"
$/kW dollar(s) per kilowatt
|-
μm micrometer(s)
!  ACRONYMS
μs microsecond(s)
!  Meaning
Å angstrom(s)
|-
amp ampere(s)
|DOE
Bbl billion barrels
|Department of Energy
cm centimeter(s)
|-
cm/min centimeter(s) per minute
|IPCC
eV electron volt(s)
|Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
fs femtosecond(s)
|-
gal gallon(s)
|NSDL
Gha gigahectare(s)
|National Science Digital Library aka  National STEM Distributed Learning
GJ gigajoule(s)
|}
Gtons gigatons (109 tons = 1 billion tons)
GW gigawatt(s) (109 W = 1 billion watts)
kg kilogram(s)
kWh kilowatt hour(s)
kWth kilowatt(s) (thermal)
K Kelvin
L liter(s)
MHz megahertz
mm millimeter(s)
MW megawatt(s) (106 W = 1 million watts)
MWe megawatt(s) (electric)
MWth megawatt(s) (thermal)
MW/yr megawatt(s) per year
nm nanometer(s)
nm/s nanometer(s) per second
ps picosecond(s)
psi pound(s) per square inch
s second(s)
TW terawatt(s) (1012 W = 1 trillion watts)
W watt(s)
Wp peak watt(s)
yr year(s)

Latest revision as of 13:27, 3 September 2009

Acronymns

ACRONYMS Meaning
a-Si:H hydrogenated amorphous silicon
AM air mass
AMOLED Active Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Displays
AO All-Optical
AOS All-Optical Switching
AOS All-Optical Signal Processing
ASF Anderson, Schultz, and Flory
BOS balance of system
CB conduction band
CHP combined heat and power
COP coefficient of performance
CPV concentrated photovoltaic
dc direct current
DFT Density functional theory
DNI direct normal irradiation
ECL Electrogenerated chemiluminescence
EFG edge-defined film-fed growth
EIA Energy Information Administration
EO Electro-optic
EPV electrochemical photovoltaic
ETL Electron Injection/Transport Layer
HCPV high-concentration photovoltaic
HHV higher heating value
HRS Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering
IR infrared
ITO indium tin oxide
IZO Indium Zinc Oxide
LC Liquid crystal
LE Luminous Efficiency
LH1/LH2 light-harvesting pigment/protein complexes
MBE molecular beam epitaxy
MEG multiple exciton generation
MESP minimum ethanol selling price
MOCVD metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
MZI Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
NAE National Academy of Engineering
Nd:Yag Neodymium doped Ytrium aluminum garnet- a type of laser
NHE normal hydrogen electrode
NIR Near Infrared
NLO Non-linear optics
NRC National Research Council
OEC oxygen-evolving complex
OFET Organic field effect transistor
OLED organic light emitting diode
OPV organic photovoltaic (solar cell)
PCET proton-coupled electron transfer
PC Photonic crystal
PCM phase change storage material
PEC photoelectrochemical
PEM proton exchange membrane
PET Polyethylene terephthalate
PMMA Polymethylmethacrylate
PPV Polyphenylvinylene
PRD priority research directions
PT polythiophene
PV photovoltaic
R&D research and development
RC reaction center
SAML Self-assembled monolayers
SHG Second Harmonic Generation
SLO Spatial Light Modulation
TCO transparent conducting oxide
TCNL Thermochemical Nanolithography
TFT Thin-Film Transistor
THG Third Harmonic Generation
TM Transverse Mode
TMS theoretical modeling and simulation
TPA Two Photon Absorption
TPF Two Photon Fluoresence
TPV thermophotovoltaic
UPS Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy
U.S. United States
UV ultraviolet
WOLED White organic light-emitting diode
XAFS X-ray absorption fine-structure (spectroscopy)
XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
ZT thermoelectric figure of merit

Variables and Constants

Common

Symbol Meaning
c speed of light (c = 299,792,458 m/s approx 3 x 106m/s)
ν frequency
h planck's constant (h = 6.62606896x 10-34 J s = 4.135667 x 10-15eV s)
λ wavelength (visible spectrum is 400-700nm)

Absorption and Emission

Symbol Meaning
ε extinction coefficient of a molecule
Φ quantum yield
Ψ wave function

EO Properties

Symbol Meaning
μ dipole moment (mu) measured in debyes
α linear polarizability (alpha)
β first order hyperpolarizability (microscopic) (beta)
cos3θ order parameter
δ Two photo cross section measured in Goppert-Mayer units (GM), with 1 GM=1×10-50 cm4 s molecules−1 photon−1 >100gm is high.)
r Pockels coefficient or Linear Electo-optic Cofficient Pockels Effect r~ 10-12 – 1—10 m/V
r33 Electro-optic cofficient (chi 33)(FM= 1000 pm/V)
χ2 second-order nonlinear susceptiblity (first order hyperpolarizability) (macroscopic)
χ3 third-order nonlinear susceptiblity (second order hyperpolarizability) (macroscopic) (alpha)(FM= 6-7 x 10-21(m/V)2)
ε dielectric constant or relative static permittivity
M Transition dipole moment (measured in debyes)
N Number Density parameter
φfl Fluoresence Quantum Yield a ratio of photons absorbed over photons emitted
σ conductivity (measured in S (Siemens)/cm
t the electronic coupling, transfer integral or resonance integral
vπ half-wave driving voltage

Devices

Symbol Meaning
α material loss in dB/cm
d electrode separation
Γ optical electrical overlap
λ reorganization energy
μ charge mobility in cm2 / V s- a mobility >1 is considered good

Units

Abbreviation Unit
°C degree(s) Celsius
$/kW dollar(s) per kilowatt
μm micrometer(s)
μs microsecond(s)
Å angstrom(s) (10-10m)
amp ampere(s)
as attaseconds- one quintillionth of a second
Bbl billion barrels
cm centimeter(s)
cm/min centimeter(s) per minute
eV electron volt(s)
fs femptosecond(s)
gal gallon(s)
Gha gigahectare(s)
GJ gigajoule(s)
Gtons gigatons (109 tons = 1 billion tons)
GW gigawatt(s) (109 W = 1 billion watts)
kg kilogram(s)
kWh kilowatt hour(s)
kWth kilowatt(s) (thermal)
K Kelvin
L liter(s)
MHz megahertz
mm millimeter(s)
MW megawatt(s) (106 W = 1 million watts)
MWe megawatt(s) (electric)
MWth megawatt(s) (thermal)
MW/yr megawatt(s) per year
nm nanometer(s)
nm/s nanometer(s) per second
ps picosecond(s)
psi pound(s) per square inch
s second(s)
TW terawatt(s) (1012 W = 1 trillion watts)
W watt(s)
Wp peak watt(s)
yr year(s)

Agencies, Programs and Institutions

ACRONYMS Meaning
DOE Department of Energy
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
NSDL National Science Digital Library aka National STEM Distributed Learning
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