Attenuated Total Reflectance

Overview

Attenuated Total Reflection or ATR is a technique used together with Teng Mann to measure the R33 of electro-optic materials.

Significance

The electro-optic coefficient for a poled polymer film can be calculated as follows.

<math>r_{33} = \frac {2d\Delta R} {n^3_{TM} V_m} \frac {\sigma n_{eff}} {\sigma \theta} \left /( \frac {\sigma R \sigma n_{eff} } {\sigma \theta \sigma n_{TM} } \right ) \,\!</math>

where

<math>n_{TE}\,\!</math> is the ordinary index of refraction

<math>n_{TM}\,\!</math> is the extraordinary index of refraction

<math>E\,\!</math> is the modulating electric field